What is anaphylaxis?
Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of allergic reaction, involving more than one body system at once — for example skin plus breathing, or skin plus circulation. It can progress within minutes of exposure to the trigger and is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.
Warning signs
- Widespread hives or flushing plus swelling of lips, tongue or face
- Difficulty breathing, persistent cough, wheeze, or a hoarse voice
- Throat tightness or difficulty swallowing
- Repeated vomiting or severe abdominal pain
- Dizziness, floppiness, pale/blue skin, or collapse — signs of falling blood pressure
Common triggers
In children, the most frequent triggers are specific foods (peanut, tree nuts, milk, egg, shellfish), insect stings, and certain medicines.
What to do in an emergency
If a child shows signs of anaphylaxis: use an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector immediately if one has been prescribed, lay the child flat with legs raised (or sitting up if breathless), and call for emergency medical help right away. Do not wait to see if symptoms improve on their own — adrenaline works best given early, and a second dose or hospital observation may still be needed even after symptoms improve.
Long-term management
- Definitive allergy testing to confirm the exact trigger once the child is stable
- A written anaphylaxis action plan for home, school and caregivers
- Training family members and school staff in recognising symptoms and using an adrenaline auto-injector
- Strict avoidance of the confirmed trigger, with label-reading and cross-contact precautions for food triggers
Talk to Dr. Narwani: If your child's symptoms are affecting sleep, school, play or growth, or you suspect a specific trigger, book a consultation for proper allergy work-up rather than guessing at home remedies.